5.3 Grammar （牛津译林版）.docx

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1、初一牛津英语七下Unit Five第3课时Grammar【课前热身】、默写单词1.以前adv. 2.厘米，公分n. 3.渡渡鸟n. 答案：1. ago 2. centimetre/ centimeter = cm 3. dodo （复数 dodos ）二、默写短语1.一个月前 2.昨天早上 3 .在博物馆里度过了 3个小时4 .玩得很高兴；过得很愉快5 .前天 6.11厘米高7 . 了解一些像渡渡鸟一样奇怪的鸟类8 .很久以前居住在地球上答案：1. a/ one month ago 2. yesterday morning, 3. spend three hours in the museum

2、4. have a great time 5. the day before yesterday 6. 11 centimeters tall7. Ieam about some strange birds like dodos8. live on Earth a long time ago三、句型操练1 . 一个月前，米莉和埃米去了阳光公园。2 .当我们到达博物馆时，那里有很多人了。3 .我们看到了一只小猴子，只有11厘米高!4 .我们也了解了一些像渡渡鸟一样奇怪的鸟类。答案：1、A month ago, Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.2、When

3、 we got to the museumzthere were a lot of people there.3、We saw a small monkey, only centimeters tall.4、We also learned about some strange birds like dodos.【温故知新】一、重点词汇1、A month ago,Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.一个月前,米莉和埃米去了阳光公园。 （教材P61）ago adv.以前【用法详解】ago是副词，常用于“一段时间+ago”结构，表示一段时间之前，与一般过去 时连

4、用，对其短语提问用When。*Daniel went to Nanjing two days ago.两丹尼尔天前去了南京。【拓展延伸】IOng long ago意为很久以前”,在讲故事时常常用到,相当于once upon a time。*Long long ago, there was a beautiful little girl很久以前，有一位美丽的小女孩。2 When We got to the museumzthere were a lot of people there.当我们到达博物馆时，那儿有许多人。（教材P62）【句式剖析】When引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现，主过从过”

5、的原则。*When he was on holiday in Hong Kong, he met an old friend of his.他在there be句型的一般过去时结构【用法详解】there be句型的一般过去时结构为,There was / Were+主语。There be句 型遵循就近原则，即be动词的数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。*Three years agozthere was a school in the centre of the city.三年前，在市中心有一所学校。*There were some presents and a box on the table.

6、=There was a box and some presents on the table.桌子上有一些礼物和一个盒子。3、We spent three hours in the museum.我们花费了 3个小时在博物馆里。(教材P62)spend v.花费【用法详解】SPend是动词，意为“花费，其过去式是spent,主语通常是人。具体用法如 下：(I)SPend +时间/金钱+on sth.花时间/金钱在某物上*1 spent 10 yuan on this book.这本书花了我 10 元钱(2) SPend +时间+ (in) doing sth.花时间做某事*Mary spen

7、ds all her spare time(in)playing basketball.玛丽把她所有的空闲时间都用在打球上。(3) SPend +金钱+ (on) doing sth.花金钱做某事*He spent a lot of money (on) buying a new ComPUter.他花很多钱买了一台新电脑。【中考链接】我表哥每周花两个小时的时间学舞蹈。(spend.Jn.)【解析】根据句意及英语提示可知，本句用spend时间+ in doing sth.结构表达,时态为 一般现在时故答案为：My cousin spends two hours in dancing every

8、 week。二、语法精讲 一般过去时(一)1、定义：一般过去时通常表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。其基本结构是主 语+动词的过去式+其他”。2、分类按照动词归类把一般过去时分为be型和do型来讲述。3：时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语分为五种形式(1) yesterday及相关短语。yesterday morning/aftemoon/evening , the day before yesterday,(2) “last+时间状语”构成的短语。last night/month/spring/year昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。(3) “一段时间+ag。组成的短语。two days a

9、go 两天以前four years ago四年以前。(4)“介词+时间名词组成的短语。in 2019 在 2019 年；on the morning of December 25th 在 12 月 25 号早上。(5)固定搭配表示过去的时间状语：just now, at the age of 5z one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前),at that time,before, the other day (前几天)，etc.4、be型一般过去时一般过去时中的be动词有两种形式:was和were其中：WaS用于单数主语之后，构成she/he/ItWa

10、S.句型。were用于复数主语和二人称you之后，构成丫01|/6/111可化.句型。【中考链接】用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Sally(be) a little girl at that time.2.1(be) born in New York.3. How(be) the weather yesterday?4. (be) you at home just now? 2m5. They(be) very happy to meet their teacher at the bus stop last week.【答题方法指导】动词填空题找时间状语确定时态，这里的时间状语就是每

11、一道题的题眼。【答案】1. was 2. was. 3. was 4. Were 5. were5、d。型动词（即实义动词）一般过去时do型（实义动词）动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化（1） d。型动词过去式的规则变化一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-edhelp - helped talk - talked play - played以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-dlove loved hope - hoped like - liked以“辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-edstudy- studied carry carried【提醒】以“元音字母+y结尾的动词，过去式词尾

12、直接加edenjoy - enjoyed stay stayed以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed简称为“双写三条件”stop-stopped planplanned【提醒】此时，这个辅音字母要发辅音音标。row rowed因为row中辅音字母W没有发辅音音标，故不能双写（2） d。型（实义动词）动词过去式的不规则变化（见教材P106-107）保持不变putput set-set cutcut元音有变化get-got come-came blow-blew辅音有变化lendlent spend-spent元音、辅音均有变化catch-caught buybou

13、ght其他eat - ate hear - heard【中考链接】用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.1Jlike) reading books before. But now I don/t.2. She(watch) TV late yesterday evening.3. We(clean) up our classroom a moment ago.4. Tom(go) to visit the Great Wall last year.5. Mr. Lee(sing) an English song just now.6. It(rain) heavily last night.7

14、.1 heard you _(spend) much time learning English in 2020.8. Grandpa(catch) a cold on his way to Beijing a week ago.【答题方法指导】找题眼。即首先根据句中提供的时间短语确定是否该用过去式。然后判断该动词是属于规则动词还是不规则动词。规则动词直接加ed,不规则动词则需强化记忆。【答案】1. liked 2. watched 3. cleaned 4. went 5. sang 6. rained 7. spent 8. caught【提醒】如果句子中没有明确的过去时间状语，可根据句意

15、判断。对于复合句要遵循“主过从过”的原则。如：1、Lu Xun wrote many short novels in his life.鲁迅一生中写了许多短篇小说。2、When he arrived at the airport, he found he left his wallet at home.当他到达飞机场的时候，他才发现钱包落在家里了。【小试身手】一、.根据句意及中文提示完成下列句子。1. He（想知道）which is the way to the zoo.2. He is（害怕）of tigers.3. We（花费）three hours watching TV yesterday.4. This monkey is only 11（厘米）tall5. He（告诉）me to clean the blackboard just now.6. My parents brought me t